Attackers use specific encoding techniques to bypass standard web application firewalls (WAFs) and input validation filters.

This article provides a comprehensive overview of directory traversal attacks, specifically focusing on the exploitation technique ?page=../../../../etc/passwd .

The safest approach is to avoid passing user-controlled input directly into file system APIs or include/require statements. 2. Implement an Allowlist (Static Mapping)

Even without passwords, it is a file for path traversal vulnerabilities.